Which of the sets of variables could be used in an experiment to test the hypothesis that different metals absorb different amounts of energy from sunlight?

The chosen answer identifies the variables correctly in relation to the hypothesis about different metals absorbing varying amounts of energy from sunlight. In this context, the independent variable is the type of metal being tested. By changing the type of metal, one can observe how each one interacts with sunlight in terms of energy absorption.

The dependent variable is the temperature of the metal, as it provides measurable data on how much energy (in the form of heat) is absorbed by each type of metal when exposed to sunlight. An increase in temperature indicates higher energy absorption. Hence, by measuring the temperature change in response to different metals, one can effectively test the hypothesis.

This pairing allows for a clear cause-and-effect relationship to be established, as the type of metal directly influences how much energy is absorbed, reflected in the observed temperature changes.