Which gland is responsible for the production of cortisol?

The adrenal gland is responsible for the production of cortisol, which is a steroid hormone vital for various bodily functions, including the regulation of metabolism, the immune response, and the body’s stress response. Located on top of each kidney, the adrenal glands consist of two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. Cortisol is produced in the adrenal cortex, specifically in the zona fasciculata layer.

Cortisol plays a crucial role in helping the body respond to stress by increasing blood sugar levels, assisting in metabolism, and influencing other hormones. Its production is regulated by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, which is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus.

The other glands mentioned do not produce cortisol. The parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels, the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, while the thyroid gland is primarily involved in regulating metabolism through the production of thyroid hormones. Understanding the specific roles of each gland aids in grasping how hormonal regulation within the body maintains homeostasis.