What role do neutrophils play in the immune response?

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a critical role in the body’s immune response, particularly in the innate immune system. Their primary function is to engulf and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi, through a process known as phagocytosis. When there is an infection or tissue damage, neutrophils are among the first responders to the site. They are adept at identifying and ingesting invading microorganisms, which helps to control infections early on.

Once they encounter pathogens, neutrophils can also release enzymes and reactive oxygen species that aid in the destruction of these invaders. Additionally, they can produce signaling molecules like cytokines that help recruit other immune cells to the site of infection and coordinate the overall immune response.

The other options represent different aspects of the immune response that are handled by other types of cells. Antibody production is primarily the role of B cells, while memory cell formation involves a subset of B and T lymphocytes, and histamine release is a function of mast cells related to allergic reactions and inflammation. Thus, the distinctive function of neutrophils in engulfing pathogens directly underlines their importance in the initial defense against infections.