What maintains the balance of ecosystems on Earth?

The balance of ecosystems on Earth is maintained by the interaction of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers, such as plants and phytoplankton, play a vital role by converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain. Consumers, which include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores, rely on these producers (and each other) for energy and nutrients. Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the environment, which supports further plant growth.

This interconnected web of life creates a dynamic system where energy flows from one group to the next and nutrients are continuously shared, enabling ecosystems to thrive. If the balance among these groups is disrupted, it can lead to overpopulation, resource depletion, and ultimately ecosystem collapse.

While abiotic factors, such as climate, soil, and water, influence ecosystems, they do not maintain the balance on their own. They interact with biotic factors but are not sufficient to sustain ecosystem dynamics. Hence, the interaction among producers, consumers, and decomposers is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance.