What is the primary function of a pedigree chart in genetics?

The primary function of a pedigree chart in genetics is to track inherited genotypes and phenotypes across generations. Pedigree charts visually represent the relationships and genetic connections between individuals in a family, which helps in understanding how traits and conditions are passed down through generations. This allows geneticists and researchers to identify patterns of inheritance for specific traits, mark affected individuals, and infer the potential genotypes of family members based on the phenotypes displayed in the chart.

By analyzing the pedigree, one can determine whether a trait is dominant or recessive, autosomal or sex-linked, and can make predictions about the likelihood of certain traits appearing in future offspring. This utility is crucial in areas such as genetic counseling, where understanding inheritance patterns can help assess risks for genetic disorders.