What is the definition of transduction in bacterial genetics?

Transduction in bacterial genetics specifically refers to the process by which bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) introduce new genetic material into a bacterial cell. In this context, when the bacteriophage infects a bacterium, it can accidentally package bacterial DNA along with its own viral DNA. This packaged bacterial DNA can then be transferred to another bacterial cell when the phage infects it. Once inside the new host, the bacterial DNA can be incorporated into the recipient's genome, leading to genetic changes in the recipient bacterium.

This understanding highlights the significance of transduction as a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria, which can contribute to genetic diversity and the spread of traits such as antibiotic resistance. Overall, transduction is a critical process for bacterial evolution and adaptation.