What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

The key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is reflected in the concept of cell differentiation. Eukaryotic cells are known for their ability to undergo differentiation, which allows them to develop into specialized cell types that perform distinct functions within multicellular organisms. This specialization is often seen in complex organisms, where various cell types emerge from stem cells and take on specific roles, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells.

In contrast, prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria and archaea, typically do not have the same level of cellular organization or differentiation. They are usually unicellular and maintain a simpler structure without organized nuclei or specialized roles among cells. As a result, while prokaryotes can adapt and respond to their environment, they do not exhibit differentiation like eukaryotic cells do.

This distinction helps to highlight the complexity of eukaryotic organisms in comparison to the simpler prokaryotic ones, influencing not only their structure but also how they function and interact within larger biological systems.