In which environment do lichens thrive, combining ascomycetes fungi and algae?

Lichens are fascinating symbiotic organisms formed by the combination of ascomycete fungi with green algae or cyanobacteria. One key reason they flourish on tree bark is due to the unique microhabitats this surface provides. Bark offers a relatively stable environment with protection from direct soil contact, which helps to preserve moisture and maintain air circulation that is essential for the lichens' photosynthetic partners.

The structure of tree bark also creates a favorable substrate that supports their growth. Since lichens can extract moisture and nutrients from rain and air, being situated on trees allows them to colonize a rich environment where sunlight is abundant, enhancing their ability to photosynthesize.

While lichens can be found in a variety of environments, including soil and harsh climates, the specific choice of tree bark emphasizes their preference for surfaces that provide both protection and access to nutrients and moisture, which is optimal for their development and survival.