How do the four bases in double-stranded DNA pair up?

The correct pairing of the four bases in double-stranded DNA is significant for maintaining the stability and integrity of the DNA structure. In DNA, adenine (A) specifically pairs with thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds, while cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) through three hydrogen bonds. This specific pairing occurs due to the size and shape compatibility of the bases, as well as their ability to form hydrogen bonds, which ensures that the DNA double helix maintains its uniform width and structure.

The pairings A:T and C:G are fundamental to the complementary nature of DNA, allowing for accurate replication and transcription processes essential for cellular function and inheritance of genetic material. When DNA is replicated, these base pairings allow for each strand to serve as a template for the creation of a complementary strand, ensuring that the genetic code is preserved and passed on to future generations.

This pairing mechanism is critical to the overall functionality of DNA in biological systems.